Special Education & IEPs
Your rights to support, accommodations, and services
If you have a disability, learning difference, or other condition that affects how you learn, you may be entitled to special education services through an IEP — an Individualized Education Program. These rights are protected by federal law under IDEA.
Practical next steps
Understand what an IEP is
An IEP (Individualized Education Program) is a legal document describing your disability, how it affects your education, what services and accommodations you'll receive, and measurable goals.
Know who qualifies
Students with one of 13 disability categories under IDEA — including Learning Disabilities, ADHD, Autism, Emotional Support, Speech/Language, and more — AND whose disability affects their education.
How to request an evaluation
Put the request in writing to the principal or special education coordinator. The school has 60 days to complete the evaluation after parents give consent.
Understand the evaluation process
Tests, observations, and interviews assess your academic performance, cognitive abilities, and functional skills. The school presents results to the IEP team.
Know what an IEP meeting is
After evaluation, the IEP team reviews results and (if eligible) develops your IEP. You have the right to attend and bring an advocate.
Understand your accommodations and services
Accommodations can include: extended test time, preferential seating, note-taking assistance, resource room access, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and counseling.
Know about 504 Plans
If you have a disability that doesn't require special education but does require accommodations, you may qualify for a 504 Plan — providing accommodations without the full IEP service array.
Participate actively in your IEP
Starting at age 14, you have the right to participate in your own IEP planning. Express what's working and what isn't. The IEP is your document.
Resource starting points
- Education Law Center PA
Free legal information and advocacy for students with disabilities.
- Wrightslaw Special Education Law
Comprehensive resource on special education rights and advocacy.
Organizations featured in this guide
- Education Law Center PA
Free legal information and direct representation for students with special education rights issues in Philadelphia.
- PEAL Center
Pennsylvania-wide parent advocacy organization for special education rights — free consultations and training.
- PSD Office of Specialized Services
The School District office that handles IEPs, evaluations, and special education services.
- Public Interest Law Center
Free legal help for students with disability-related education rights issues.
Helpful things to know
Keep a copy of your IEP
Always have a copy at home. Know what services you're entitled to — you can't advocate for something you haven't read.
Transition planning starts at 14
Starting at 14, your IEP must include a transition plan addressing post-secondary education, employment, and independent living goals.
Common questions
What if the school says my child doesn't qualify?
You can request an Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE) at the school's expense, request a due process hearing, or file a complaint with the PA Department of Education.
Will my IEP follow me to college?
IEPs are K-12. In college, you'll need to register with the disability services office and provide documentation. Colleges must provide reasonable accommodations under the ADA.